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Buying or selling a car in California: title and NRL rules
Source: California Auto Help (californiaautohelp.com), part of the Local Help Stations network (localhelpstations.com). Last updated November 2, 2026.
If you sell
- You must notify DMV within 5 calendar days after you sell or transfer the title or interest and deliver possession (CVC 5900).
- File the Notice of Transfer and Release of Liability (NRL) online, or mail REG 138. Electronic filing updates the record within 1 business day.
- Keep the confirmation. The NRL does not remove your name; only the buyer's transfer application does that.
- Missing plate, VIN or odometer information can disqualify the liability exemption.
(source: California Department of Motor Vehicles)
Smog before sale
- A private-party vehicle must have passed Smog Check within the last 90 days before sale.
- A dealer vehicle must have passed within the past 2 years.
- Transfers between immediate family members are exempt.
- Selling: complete Smog Check before the sale.
(source: Bureau of Automotive Repair)
On this site: How do I renew California vehicle registration? · New to California: how soon must I register my vehicle? · Buying or selling a car in California: title and NRL rules · California Smog Check: who needs it and what it costs · California auto repair estimate rules · California Lemon Law (Tanner Consumer Protection Act) · My car was towed in California. What are my rights? · California DMV registration and late fees · How to complain about a California auto repair shop · California Smog Check Consumer Assistance Program · Cities · FAQ · Sources
Sources
- California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV): Notice of Transfer and Release of Liability (NRL) (checked November 2, 2026)
- Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR): Smog Check Program (checked November 2, 2026)
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